K. Streso and F. Lagona (Germany)
EM, FRAME, Gibbs distribution, (hidden) Markov random field, mean field approximation, TCA
Tooth Cementum Annulation (TCA) is an age estimation method carried out on thin cross sections of the root of the human tooth. Age is computed by adding the tooth erup tion age to the count of annual incremental lines which are called tooth rings and appear in the cementum band. Algo rithms to denoise and segment the digital image of the tooth section are considered a crucial step towards computer assisted TCA. The approach in this paper relies on mod elling the images as hidden Markov random fields, where gray values are assumed to be pixelwise conditionally in dependent and normally distributed, given a hidden random field of labels. These unknown labels have to be estimated to segment the image. To account for long-range depen dence among the observed values and for periodicity in the placement of tooth rings, the Gibbsian label distribution is specified by a potential function that incorporates macro features of the TCA image (a FRAME model). An estima tion of the model parameters is made by an EM algorithm exploiting the mean field approximation of the label distri bution. Segmentation is based on the predictive distribution of the labels given the observed gray values.
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