Arjan Rimal and Rabie Belkacemi
Frequency regulation, wind energy conversion, artificial immunesystem, load frequency control, NERC
This paper proposes the immune algorithm (IA) to improve the performance of a load frequency control (LFC) system. It is capable of complying with North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) control performance standards (CPS) as well as reduces the machine oscillations. The traditional wind generators do not participate in the automatic generation control or the frequency regulation. Thus, the total inertia and the frequency robustness of the power system reduce when there is high wind penetration. The area control error variability also increases due to the increase in unscheduled flows which causes deterioration of the CPS. Due to this, the ability of the system to recover from a disturbance of power mismatch is decreasing. Stationary gain controllers for LFC are not capable of delivering the best operating performance over an extensive range of operation. But, the IA generates a relevant gain in real time according to load variations. The usefulness of the suggested methodology is demonstrated by comparing its response with the responses using the controllers with optimal gain calculated using a genetic algorithm and the controllers with high gains and low gains in a two-area system.
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