Asif M. Mughal and Kamran Iqbal
Bond graph modelling, physiological system, motor control, proprioceptive feedback
Physiologists, scientists and biomechanical engineers have all used modelling tools to study motor functions in humans using a variety of techniques ranging from rigid-body mechanics to finite element methods. We present a theoretical framework to apply bond graph modelling techniques for obtaining biomechanical system model comprising inertia, muscle, Golgi tendon organ and spindle dynamics. The bond graph modelling tracks the flow of power from system input to output, thus providing an alternative perspective to analyse physiological motor control functions. In this study, bond graph models of skeletal muscle, muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ are developed and combined into a musculoskeletal model with proprioceptive feedback. This modelling scheme demonstrates the applicability of bond graph modelling to the physiological subsystems and their integration into the anatomical system for analysis and controller design.
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