Yang Yang
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Adaptive Control; Electric Vehicles; Power Electronics; Thermal Management; Energy Efficiency; Model Reference Adaptive Control(MRAC)
This article presents a novel adaptive control strategy designed to im- prove the energy efficiency and thermal performance of power elec- tronic converters in electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed method integrates a model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) with a thermal feedback-based frequency modulation mechanism to dynam- ically regulate inverter switching behavior under real-world driv- ing conditions. The approach is modeled and validated through high-fidelity simulations incorporating a PMSM-based drivetrain, temperature-dependent loss models, and dynamic load profiles such as the NEDC and WLTP cycles. Key performance indicators, in- cluding energy consumption, switching losses, and peak junction tempera-ture demonstrate that the proposed control scheme achieves up to 7.4% energy savings and significantly reduces thermal stress compared to conventional FOC and static MPC strategies. Further- more, real-time feasibility is confirmed through implementation on automotive-grade microcontrollers with sub-150 µs execution times. The results highlight the strategy’s effectiveness in achieving ther- mally aware, computationally efficient inverter control, thus extend- ing system reliability and improving vehicle-level efficiency without requiring additional hardware overhead.
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