Tingting Fang, Kaisa Kontu, and Risto Lahdelma
District heating, least squares estimation, automated meter reading, analysis, management and modeling
In this paper, a model has been designed to estimate the water flows, temperatures, and the heat losses in different parts of a district heating (DH) network using hourly consumption measurements. Assuming a tree-like topology for the network, the flow equations form an overdetermined linear system that can be solved in the least squares (LSQ) sense. After that, the water temperature and heat loss in each pipe can be formulated as a linear system that can again be solved in the LSQ sense. We illustrate the method with a small district heating network based on hourly temperature and flow measurements for one week.
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