Soumyo V. Chakraborty, Sandeep K. Shukla, and James Thorp
Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Renewable Generation, Solar Energy, Effective load carrying capacity
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) can impact an electric grid via vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operations. In this study, we have: • Proposed an efficient and practical algorithm for optimizing the V2G operations. • Developed a flexible multi-phase simulation framework to estimate and quantify the impact of PEVs on the grid. • Leveraged the framework and actual hourly load data from New York City to compute the effective load carrying capacity (ELCC) contributed by PEVs. • Utilized actual hourly time-synchronized solar radiation data in the framework to compute solar generator ELCC with and without PEVs. • Used capacity auction market data to quantify the economic benefit contributed by the PEVs due to their load carrying capacity. Our study shows a potential PEV ELCC of 200 MW in New York City for the expected number of PEVs in 2015-2017. This represents about $20 million in economic benefit per year from capacity gains alone. About 60% of the battery costs are recoverable from the PEV capacity contributions at initial PEV penetration levels. A unique observation from this study is that, contrary to conventional expectation, there is no marginal gain in solar ELCC from PEVs above the ELCC we already obtain from the PEVs alone.
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