Soumyo V. Chakraborty, Sandeep K. Shukla, James Thorp
Plug-in electric vehicles, vehicle-to-grid, renewable generation, solar energy, effective load carrying capacity, commute profile
In this paper, we study the combined effect of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operations and solar PV generation on the power grid in terms of their contribution to effective load carrying capacity (ELCC). Our experiments are based on a multi-phase simulation and optimization framework we have designed and implemented along with actual hourly load data, actual hourly time synchronized solar radiation data, and actual capacity auction market data for New York City, and real projections of the plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) population. This work considers the change in ELCC for varying levels of installed solar generation capacity and size of PEV fleets, and quantifies the economic benefits of these changes utilizing the capacity auction market data. Our study shows a potential V2G ELCC of 200 MW in New York City for the expected number of PEVs in 2015-2017. This represents about $20 million in economic benefit per year from capacity gains alone. About 60% of the battery costs are recoverable from the PEV capacity contributions at initial PEV penetration levels. A unique observation from our study is that, contrary to conventional expectation, there is no marginal gain in solar ELCC from PEVs above the ELCC we already obtain from the PEVs alone.
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