R.K. Salgotra and B.B. Gupta (India)
Quantitative traits, basmati and aromatic rice, correlation,path coefficients
A study was conducted at the Research Farm of Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India. Thirty five basmati and aromatic short grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes were transplanted in a randomized block design with three replications in plots of 5 m x 1.5 m per replication with spacing of 20 cm x 15 cm. Quantitative data were collected on five randomly selected plants of each genotype per replication for grain yield per plant, 100 grain weight, effective tillers per plant, panicle length, grains per panicle, plant height and harvest index. Mean values of the characters for each genotype per replication were used for analysis of variance and covariance to obtain information on genotypic and phenotypic correlation alongwith coheritability between two traits. Path analysis was carried out to estimate the direct and indirect effects of rice components. The objective of the study was to identify the characters that mostly influence the yield for increasing basmati and aromatic rice productivity through breeding programme. In correlation, grain yield per plant showed significant positive genotypic correlation with plant height (0.26), effective tillers per plant (0.32), panicle length (0.49), grains per panicle (0.59) and harvest index (0.91). In coheritability, grain yield per plant showed positive coheritability with harvest index (0.56), grains per panicle (0.32) and panicle length (0.28). Path analysis based on genotypic correlation coefficients elucidated high positive direct effect of harvest index, panicle length and 100-grain weight on grain yield per plant with residual effect of 0.33. The present study revealed that five component characters viz. harvest index, grains per panicle, panicle length, effective tillers per plant and plant height influenced the basmati and aromatic rice used. A genotype with higher magnitude of these component traits could be either selected from the existing genotypes or evolved by breeding programme for genetic improvement of yield in basmati and aromatic rice.
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